p value
The probability that a particular result would have happened by chance.
The probability that a particular result would have happened by chance.
“Improve program implementation and outcomes by actively engaging all stakeholders in the evaluation process”
W.K. Kellogg Foundation (2010) Evaluation Handbook
betterevaluation.org/en/resources/guides/budgets_checklist/kellogg_foundation_handbook
A placebo is a fake or inactive intervention, received by the participants allocated to the control group in a clinical trial. It is indistinguishable from the active intervention received by patients in the experimental group. One definition is that use of a placebo describes what happens when you do nothing, so that in the context of a clinical trial, for instance, a placebo group could describe the natural history of a disorder without the intervention under test. It is the effect we see when we do nothing.
The proportion of people with a positive test who have disease.
This employs objectivity and is characterised by single truths; observation; measurable features and utilises quantitative methodologies. Its language is that of numbers.
A procedure implemented after a drug has been licensed for public use, designed to provide information on the actual use of the drug for a given indication, and on the occurrence of side effects and adverse reactions. It’s a method for epidemiologic study of adverse drug reactions.
The probability that a patient has the disorder of interest after the test result is known.
The probability that a patient has the disorder of interest prior to administering a test.
The baseline risk of a disorder in the population of interest.
Prevention refers to measures taken by an individual or a society to prevent disease happening or its consequences. In general, prevention includes a wide range of interventions, aimed at reducing risks to health. These are grouped into three categories:
“a study which aims to understand the functioning of an intervention, by examining implementation, mechanisms of impact, and contextual factors”
UK Medical Research Council (MRC) guidance (2014) Process Evaluation of Complex Interventions
mrc.ac.uk/documents/pdf/mrc-phsrn-process-evaluation-summary-guidance
“interactions between healthcare practitioner and patient; a series of actions, changes, or functions bringing about a result (such as mammography screening rate)”
“denotes what is actually being done in giving and receiving care”
UK Medical Research Council (MRC) guidance (2014) Process Evaluation of Complex Interventions
mrc.ac.uk/documents/pdf/mrc-phsrn-process-evaluation-summary-guidance
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